Fibrous cortical defect and non ossifying fibromata are related conditions. They are common in children, and may resolve spontaneously. If they are large, on the other hand, they may require curettage and bone grafting. Occasionally they may cause a fracture of the involved bone.

Neurofibroma may be multiple or single. They may occasionally become malignant and turn into neurofibrosarcoma. They can lead to limb overgrowth, scoliosis and occasionally cause paralysis by an neurofibroma of an intercostal nerve pressing on the spinal cord.

A neurofibroma of the shaft of the tibia may lead to a mid-tibial pseudarthrosis. This will cause a severe deformity, and be very difficult to treat.